Israel, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

The paper explores the illumination of pilgrimage crypts in Byzantine architecture, explicitly focusing on crypts located in the Holy Land. It uses digital reconstruction and analysis of sunlight trajectory and illuminance models to understand how natural light interacted with architectural elements, particularly in relation to housing holy relics. Findings indicate that the design and placement of windows served both functional and spiritual purposes, enhancing the atmosphere for pilgrims while illuminating sacred spaces.

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Church of the Glorious Martyr

Church of Horvat Berachot

Church of St. Elianus, Madaba

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